καί

Conj., copulative, joining words and sentences, and; alsoAdv.,even, also, just, freq. expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negativeοὐ(μή) orοὐδέ(μηδέ). copulative,and, joining words or sentences to those preceding, ἦ, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπ' ὀφρύσινεῦσε Κρονίων Il. 1.528 , etc.: repeated with two or more Nouns, αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοι X. Cyr. 1.4.7 ; joining only the last pair, Cleom. 2.1 ( p.168.5 Z.), Phlp. in APr. 239.30 , etc.,v.l. in Arist. Po. 1451a20 ;ὁ ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρειmoreandmore, X. Cyr. 7.5.39 ; to add epithets after πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλά Il. 9.330 ; πολλὰ κ. μεγάλα D. 28.1 , etc. to addalimiting or defining expression,πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθονto the mountainand speciallyto . . , h.Ap. 17 , cf. A. Ag. 63 (anap.), S. Tr. 1277 (anap.) (sts. in reverse order, πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον Il. 5.398 ); to add by way of climax,θεῶν . . κ. Ποσειδῶνοςall the gods,and above all . ., A. Pers. 750 , etc.; ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοι Th. 7.68 ; τινὲς κ. συχνοί Pl. Grg. 455c ; freq.ἄλλοι τε καί . . , ἄλλως τε καί . ., v. ἄλλος 11.6 , ἄλλως 1.3 ;ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενόςlittleornothing, Id. Ap. 23a : joined with the demonstr. Pron.οὗτος(q. v.), εἶναι . . δούλοισι, κ. τούτοισι ὡς δρηπέτῃσι Hdt. 6.11 , cf. 1.147 ;κ. ταῦτα andthistoo . ., γελᾶν ἀναπείθειν, κ. ταῦθ' οὕτω πολέμιον ὄντα τῷ γέλωτι X. Cyr. 2.2.16 , etc. at the beginning of a sentence, in appeals or requests, καί μοι δὸς τὴν Χεῖρα Il. 23.75 ;καί μοι λέγε . . , καί μοι ἀπόκριναι . ., Pl. Euthphr. 3a , Grg. 462b ; freq. in Oratt.,καί μοι λέγε . . τὸ ψήφισμα, καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι . ., D. 18.105 , Lys. 14.8 , etc. in questions, to introduce an objection or express surprise,κ. τίς τόδ' ἐξίκοιτ' ἂν ἀγγέλων τάχος; A. Ag. 280 ;κ. πῶς . .;prayhow . .? E. Ph. 1348 ;κ. δὴ τί . .;butthen what . .? Id. Hel. 101 ;κ. ποῖον . .; S. Aj. 462 ;κ. τίς εἶδε πώποτε βοῦς κριβανίτας; Ar. Ach. 86 ;κἄπειτ' ἔκανες; E. Med. 1398 (anap.);κ. τίς πώποτε Χαριζόμενος ἑτέρῳ τοῦτο εἰργάσατο; Antipho 5.57 , cf. Is. 1.20 , Isoc. 12.23 , Pl. Tht. 163d ,al. = καίτοι ,and yet, Ar. Eq. 1245 , E. HF 509 . at the beginning of a speech, Lys. Fr. 36a . after words implying sameness orlikeness,as,γνώμῃσι ἐχρέωντο ὁμοίῃσι κ. σύthey had the same opinionasyou, Hdt. 7.50 , cf. 84 ;ἴσονorἴσα κ. . ., S. OT 611 , E. El. 994 ;ἐν ἴσῳ(sc.ἐστὶ) κ. εἰ . . Th. 2.60 , etc. after words implying comparison or opposition, αἱ δαπάναι οὐχ ὁμοίως κ. πρίν Id. 7.28 ; πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἔχει νῦν τε κ. ὅτε . . Pl. Lg. 967a . to express simultaneity, ἦν ἦμαρ δεύτερον . . , κἀγὼ κατηγόμην S. Ph. 355 , cf. Th. 1.50 ;παρέρχονταί τε μέσαι νύκτες κ. ψύχεται[τὸ ὕδωρ] Hdt. 4.181 , cf. 3.108 ; [οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι] οὐκ ἔφθασαν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχόντες κ. Θηβαίοις εὐθὺς ἐπεβούλευσαν Isoc. 8.98 . joining an affirm. clause with a neg., ἀλλ' ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενος S. Tr. 160 , etc. καί . . , καί . .correlative,not only . . , but also . .,κ. ἀεὶ κ. νῦν, κ. τότε κ. νῦν, Pl. Grg. 523a , Phlb. 60b ; κ. κατὰ γῆν κ. κατὰ θάλατταν X. An. 1.1.7 . by anacoluthon,ὣς φαμένη κ. κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατ' Ἀθήνη, forὣς ἔφη κ. . ., Il. 22.247 ;ἔρχεται δὲ αὐτή τε . . κ. τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα, forκ. ὁ υἱός, X. Cyr. 1.3.1 ; ἄλλας τε κατηγεόμενοί σφι ὁδούς, κ. τέλος ἐγίνοντο Hdt. 9.104 ; τοιοῦτος ὤν, κᾆτ' ἀνὴρ ἔδοξεν εἶναι Ar. Eq. 392 , cf. Nu. 624 . even, also, just, τάχα κεν κ. ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο eventhe innocent, Il. 11.654 , cf. 4.161 , etc.;δόμεναι κ. μεῖζον ἄεθλονanevengreater prize, 23.551 , cf. 10.556 , 5.362 : with numerals,κ. πέντε fullfive, 23.833 ; γενομένης κ. δὶς ἐκκλησίας Th. 1.44 , cf. Hdt. 2.44 , 60 , 68 , al. (butἐτῶν δύο κ. τριῶνtwoorthree, Th. 1.82 , cf. X. Eq. 4.4 ). also,κ. ἐγώIalso, Il. 4.40 ;κ. αὐτοίtheyalso, X. An. 3.4.44 , etc.;Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης κ. τούτω ἀπεθανέτην likewisedied, ib. 2.6.30 ; in adding surnames, etc., Ὦχος ὁ κ. Δαρειαῖος Ctes. Fr. 29.49 (sed Photii est): Ptol. Papyri have nom.ὃς κ., gen.τοῦ κ. etc., Πανίσκος ὃς κ. Πετεμῖνις PLond. 2.219 (b) 2 (ii B.C.); dat.τῷ κ. ib.(a) v2 , PRein. 26.5 (ii B. C.); nom.ὁ κ. first in PTeb. 110.1 (i B. C.), freq. later, BGU 22.25 (ii A. D.), etc.; Ἰούδας ὁ κ. Μακκαβαῖος J. AJ 12.6.4 ; Σαῦλος ὁ κ. Παῦλος Act.Ap. 13.9 : with ἄλλος, λαβέτω δὲ κ. ἄλλος Od. 21.152 ;εἴπερ τι κ. ἄλλο, ὥς τις κ. ἄλλος, X. Mem. 3.6.2 , An. 1.3.15 , cf. Pl. Phd. 59a , Ar. Nu. 356 : freq. in antithetic phrases,οὐ μόνον . . , ἀλλὰ καὶ . ., not only . . , butalso . ., v. μόνος; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον . . ἢ οὐ καὶ . . Hdt. 5.94 , al. freq. used both in the anteced. and relat. clause, where we putalsoin the anteced. only, εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώ Pl. Grg. 458a , cf. Il. 6.476 , X. An. 2.1.21 . freq. in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., ἀλλ' ὅτε δή ῥα . . , κ. τότε δή . . Il. 1.494 , cf. 8.69 , Od. 14.112 ; also afterεἰ, Il. 5.897 : in Prose, ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουν Th. 2.93 : as a Hebraism, κ. ἐγένετο . . κ. . . LXX Ge. 24.30 , al., Ev.Luc. 1.59 , etc. with Advs., to give emphasis, κ. κάρτα Hdt. 6.125 ;κ. λίην fullsurely, Il. 19.408 , Od. 1.46 ; κ. μᾶλλον Il. 8.470 , cf. E. Heracl. 386 ;κ. πάλαι, κ. πάνυ, S. OC 1252 , Pl. Chrm. 154e ;κ. μάλα, κ. σφόδρα, in answers, Ar. Nu. 1326 , Pl. La. 191e . with words expressing a minimum,even so much as, were it but, just, ἱέμενος κ. καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι Od. 1.58 ;οἷς ἡδὺ κ. λέγειν Ar. Nu. 528 ;τίς δὲ κ. προσβλέψεται; who willso much aslook at you? E. IA 1192 , cf. Ar. Ra. 614 , Pl. Ap. 28b , 35b . just,τοῦτ' αὐτὸ κ. νοσοῦμεν'tisjustthat that ails me, E. Andr. 906 , cf. Ba. 616 , S. Tr. 490 , Ar. Pax 892 , Ra. 73 , Pl. Grg. 456a , Tht. 166d : freq. with a relat., τὸ κ. κλαίουσα τέτηκα Il. 3.176 ; διὸ δὴ καὶ . . Th. 1.128 , etc.: also in interrogations (usu. to be rendered by emphasis in intonation),ποίου Χρόνου δὲ καὶ πεπόρθηται πόλις; andhow long agowas the city sacked? A. Ag. 278 ;ποῦ καί σφε θάπτει;whereis he burying her? E. Alc. 834 , cf. S. Aj. 1290 , al., X. An. 5.8.2 , Ar. Pax 1289 , Pl. Euthphr. 6b , D. 4.46 , etc. even, just, implying assent,ἔπειτά με κ. λίποι αἰώνthereafter let lifee'enleave me, Il. 5.685 , cf. 17.647 , 21.274 , Od. 7.224 . κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opp.εἰ κ.although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled, cf. Il. 4.347 , 5.351 , Od. 13.292 , 16.98 with Il. 5.410 , Od. 6.312 , 8.139 , etc.;εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμηνif Ihadbeen able, Pl. Phd. 108d , cf. Lg. 663d . (This remark does not apply to cases whereεἰandκαίeach exert their force separtely, as εἴ περ ἀδειής τ' ἐστί, καὶ εἰ . . and if . . Il. 7.117 , cf. Hdt. 5.78 , etc.) before a Participle, to represent eitherκαὶ εἰ . ., orεἰ καί . .,although, albeit,Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀί̈ω, forἢν κ. μεμάῃ,how much soeverhe rage,althoughhe rage, Il. 9.655 ;τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύεις; (forεἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627 , cf. 13.787 , Od. 2.343 , etc.; κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμως S. OC 851 . Position:καί and, is by Poets sts. put after another word,ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδέν A. Pr. 51 , cf. Euph. 51.7 , etc. καί also, sts. goes between a Prep. and its case, ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳ Pi. O. 2.28 . very seldom at the end of a verse, S. Ph. 312 , Ar. V. 1193 . crasis: withᾰ, asκἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.; withε, asκἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Dor. κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.; withη, asΧἠ, Χἠμέρη, Χἠμεῖς, etc.; withῐinΧἰκετεύετε, Χἰλαρή; withο, asΧὠ, Χὤστις, etc.; withυinΧὐμεῖς, Χὐποχείριον, etc.; withωin the pron.ᾧ, Χᾦ; withαι, asκᾀσχρῶν; withαυ, asκαὐτός; withει, asκεἰ, κεἰς(but alsoκἀς), κᾆτα; withεὐ-, asκεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλής; withοιinΧοἰ( Χᾠ EM 816.34 ); withουinΧοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and thelike.